References:
1.) Janeira, M. A., Maia, J. R., & Santos, P. J.
(1998). Citrulline malate effects on the aerobic-anaerobic threshold and in
post-exercise blood lactate recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise, 30(5), Supplement abstract 880.
2.) Schmidt, H.H.HW. et al, Cell 78:919-925, (1994)
3.) Barbul A. Arginine: biochemistry, physiology, and therapeutic implications.
JPEN. 1986; 10:227-238.
4.) Dhanakoti, S. N. et al, Am. J. Physiol. 259:E437-E442, (1990)
5.) Yearick, E.S. et al, (1967)
6.) ibid
7.) Brodan V, et al. Effects of sodium glutamate infusion on ammonia formation
during intense exercise in man. Nutr Rep Int 1974;9:223-232
8.) Wilkerson JE, Batterson DL, Horvath SM. Exercise induced changes in blood
ammonia levels in humans. Eur J Apple Physiol 1977;37:255-263
9. ) Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ.
Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9.
10.) Sem Hop Paris; 66(9):477-81, 1990
11.) Vanuxem et al. 19990
12.) A. Callis, B. Magnan de Bornier, J.J. Serrano, H. Bellet, and R. Saumade
13.) Methods and Findings, 22(7), 2000
REFERENCES
1. Alternative Medical Review. 2002, Dec;7
(6):512-22.
2. Appleton, J. 2002. Arginine: Clinical potential of a semi-essential amino.
3. Nakaki T; Kato R. 1994. Beneficial circulatory effect of L-arginine. Japanese
Journal of Pharmacology. Oct, 66:2, 167-71
4. http://1001herbs.com/l-arginine/
5. Reyes AA; Karl IE; Klahr S Role of arginine in health and in renal disease
[editorial] American Journal of Physiology, 1994 Sep, 267:3 Pt 2, F331-46
6. Albina JE, Mills CD, Barbul A, Thirkill CE, Henry WL Jr, Mastrofrancesco B,
Caldwell MD. Arginine metabolism in wounds. American Journal of Physiology
1988;254:E459-E467.
REFERENCES
1. Kleiner, S.M. and M. Greenwood-Robinson. 1998. Power Eating. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
2. Kutz MR, Gunter MJ. Creatine monohydrate supplementation on body weight and percent body fat. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov;17(4):817-21.
3. Racette SB. Creatine supplementation and athletic performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003 Oct;33(10):615-21.
4. Kreider, R.B., 1999. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Medicine 27:97-110.
5. Becque, M.D., et al. 2000. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32: 654-658.
6. Ingwal JS, Weiner CD, Morales MF, Davis E, Stockdale FE: Specificity of creatine in the control of muscle protein synthesis. J Cell Biol 63:145-151, 1974.
7. . Rawson ES, Volek JS. Effects of creatine supplementation and resistance training on muscle strength and weightlifting performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Nov;17(4):822-31.
8. Kambis KW, Pizzedaz SK. Short-term creatine supplementation improves maximum quadriceps contraction in women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Mar;13(1):87-96.
9. Chwalbinska-Moneta J. Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Jun;13(2):173-83.
10. Rico-Sanz, J. et al. (2000). Creatine enhances oxygen uptake and performance during alternating intensity exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32: 379-385.
11. Urbanski, R.L., et al. 1999. Creatine supplementation differentially affects maximal isometric strength and time to fatigue in large and small muscle groups. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 9: 136-145.
12. Rae C, Digney AL, McEwan SR, Bates TC. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003 Oct 22;270(1529):2147-50.
13. Lehmkuhl M, Malone M, Justice B, Trone G, Pistilli E, Vinci D, Haff EE, Kilgore JL, Haff GG. The effects of 8 weeks of creatine monohydrate and glutamine supplementation on body composition and performance measures. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Aug;17(3):425-38.
14. Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T, Katsumura T, Kuwamori M, Kimura N, Sako T, Chance B. Creatine supplementation enhances anaerobic ATP synthesis during a single 10 sec maximal handgrip exercise. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):105-12.
15. Gill ND, Hall RD, Blazevich AJ. Creatine serum is not as effective as creatine powder for improving cycle sprint performance in competitive male team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 May;18(2):272-5.
16. Rawson, E.S., et al. 1999. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 80: 139-144.
17. Jones, A.M., et al. 1999. Oral creatine supplementation improves multiple sprint performance in elite ice-hockey players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical fitness 39:189-196.
18. Skare OC, Skadberg, Wisnes AR: Creatine supplementation improves sprint performance in male sprinters. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11:96-102, 2001.
19. French DN, Volek JS, Ratamess NA, Mazzetti SA, Rubin MR, Gomez AL, Wickham RB, Doan BK, McGuigan MR, Scheett TP, Newton RU, Dorofeyeva E, Kraemer WJ: The effects of creatine supplementation on resting serum hormonal concenrtrations during short-term resistence training overreaching. Med Sci Sports & Exerc 33:S203, 2001.
20. Persky AM, Brazeau GA. Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. Pharmacol Rev 2001 Jun;53(2):161-76
21. Parise G, Mihic S, MacLennan D, Yarasheski KE, Tarnopolsky MA. Effects of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on leucine kinetics and mixed-muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol 2001 Sep;91(3):1041-7
22. Robinson TM, Sewell DA, Casey A, Steenge G, Greenhaff PL. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br J Sports Med 2000 Aug;34(4):284-8
References Caffeine
http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/southfacts_caffeine.htm
References Naringin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naringin
References Beta-Alanine
References:
Supplementation "Bodybuilding For You", 2002
Glutamine FAQ's "The Ministry of Fitness", 2000
Glutamine Q&A "Pas-Fitness", New Castle, DE, 2002
"The Healing Nutrients Within", E R Braverman & C C Pfeiffer, Keats, 1987.
Elia M, Lunn PG. The use of glutamine in the treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders in man. Nutrition, 13;7-8:743-747 1997.
Keast D, et al. depression of plasma glutamine concentration after exercise
stress and its possible influence on the immune system. Med J Aust, 162;1:15-18
1995.
Quest Health Library, "l-glutamine", 2000.